With the rainy season bringing cool, damp weather across Thailand, authorities have issued an urgent health warning over a worrying spike in hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) among young children. The Ministry of Public Health’s Department of Disease Control (DDC) reported a sharp rise in infections this year, coinciding with conditions perfect for the spread of communicable illnesses.
Speaking on 28 June, Deputy Government Spokesman Anukool Pruksanusak emphasised the importance of vigilance among parents, especially for children under the age of five, who are at the greatest risk of severe complications from HFMD. He urged families to prioritise hygiene and monitor children for early signs of illness to limit outbreaks during this vulnerable period.
Thailand typically sees HFMD cases surge between June and August. The current spike, however, has alarmed health officials who fear a larger outbreak could strain local healthcare services if preventive measures are not followed.
Over 21,000 Infections Recorded So Far in 2025
Between January and late June this year, Thailand recorded more than 21,000 HFMD cases, with a staggering majority affecting toddlers and preschoolers. The data shows over 15,000 cases in children under five, nearly 5,000 cases among five to nine-year-olds, and over 500 cases involving older children up to 14.
HFMD is primarily caused by enteroviruses such as coxsackievirus. The disease is highly contagious, spreading through saliva, nasal secretions, and contact with blister fluids or contaminated surfaces. Although many children recover fully, some develop complications like dehydration or neurological issues if untreated.
Health experts caution that infection does not guarantee immunity, meaning children who have previously recovered can catch HFMD again. This makes strict hygiene practices essential to break the cycle of transmission in homes and schools.
Key Warning Signs and When to Seek Care
Common early symptoms include a mild fever, irritability, and loss of appetite. Painful mouth ulcers can cause excessive drooling or refusal to eat. Rashes or small fluid-filled blisters often appear on hands, feet, and sometimes buttocks.
Parents should seek immediate medical help if their child develops signs of serious illness such as persistent high fever, difficulty swallowing or drinking, unusual sleepiness, seizures, rapid breathing, or repeated vomiting. Early treatment can reduce complications and help prevent severe outcomes.
Measures Recommended for Families and Schools
The DDC is advising parents to reinforce frequent handwashing with soap, especially after toilet use or before meals, and to disinfect toys, feeding equipment, and household surfaces regularly. Sharing personal items like utensils, cups, or towels should be strictly avoided.
Schools are being instructed to screen children daily for signs of illness. If multiple cases arise in the same class within a week, classrooms should close temporarily for thorough disinfection, with continued health checks for a week afterwards to monitor for further spread.